Interactive 3D exoplanet map

Proxima Centauri d 3D Map

Explore the innermost confirmed world around our nearest stellar neighbour: a sub-Earth planet with a five-day year, detected through a stellar wobble of only about 40 centimetres per second.

Interactive 3D map of Proxima Centauri d

You are 4.25 light-years from Earth
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Animation speed 0.35x
Real-time orbit + rotation
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Drag to orbit · Scroll or pinch to zoom · Select any object for verified dataVisual sizes and orbit spacing are enhanced for readability.

Distance from Earth4.25 light-years
Planet classTerrestrial sub-Earth
One year5.12338 Earth days
StatusConfirmed 2025

Proxima Centauri d at a glance

Proxima d is the innermost confirmed planet around Proxima Centauri. Its measured minimum mass is only about twice that of Mars, placing it among the lightest worlds ever detected with the radial-velocity method.

Minimum mass
0.260 ± 0.038 × Earth
Estimated radius
0.692 × Earth · not measured
Orbital radius
0.02881 ± 0.00017 AU
Orbital period
5.12338 ± 0.00035 days
Host star
Proxima Centauri · M-type red dwarf
Equilibrium temperature
282 ± 23 K · model dependent
Stellar energy received
1.814 ± 0.098 × Earth
Detection method
Radial velocity
Catalog status
Confirmed planet · 2025

Values use the 2025 NIRPS confirmation solution adopted by the NASA Exoplanet Archive. “Minimum mass” reflects the unknown orbital inclination; the true mass could be higher. Radius is a catalog estimate because no transit radius has been measured.

Warm on paper. Interior to the habitable zone.

Proxima d circles between its star and the classical habitable zone. Its quoted 282 K equilibrium temperature is a simplified radiation-balance estimate—not a measured surface temperature and not evidence of liquid water.

What the orbit tells us

About 1.8 times Earth’s stellar energy

The planet orbits only about 4.31 million kilometres from Proxima Centauri—roughly one-thirteenth of Mercury’s distance from the Sun. The 2025 solution gives an incident flux of 1.814 ± 0.098 times Earth’s.

What remains unknowable—for now

No measured radius, atmosphere, or surface

Proxima d has not been directly imaged and no transit radius is known. Its composition, density, atmosphere, albedo, surface pressure, water inventory, magnetic field, and actual climate all remain unconstrained.

A 40-centimetre-per-second wobble

Proxima d was found through radial velocity: astronomers measured tiny, repeating Doppler shifts in the star’s spectrum. The planet’s pull changes Proxima Centauri’s line-of-sight speed by only about 0.39 metres per second—slower than an ordinary walking pace.

2020First hints of a five-day signal appeared in ESPRESSO observations of the Proxima system.
2022ESO announced Proxima d as a strong planet candidate after dedicated ESPRESSO follow-up.
2025NIRPS, simultaneous HARPS, and archival data confirmed the signal across instruments and time.

Close in astronomy. Far beyond today’s spacecraft.

Proxima Centauri is about 4.25 light-years away—roughly 40 trillion kilometres. Light crosses that gap in 4.25 years; a Voyager-speed spacecraft would need on the order of 75,000 years if it could travel directly at constant speed.

What the 3D map shows

The system’s tight inner architecture

Proxima d orbits inside Proxima b and well inside the habitable-zone band. Planet sizes and orbital gaps are enlarged so the system remains legible; a literal scale view would reduce the planets to nearly invisible points beside the star.

What the image does not show

A symbolic world, not a photograph

The rocky texture is an evidence-informed visualization. Because the orbital inclination is unknown, even the planet’s true mass may exceed the radial-velocity minimum; its likely synchronous rotation is also modeled rather than observed.

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Proxima Centauri d FAQ

Direct answers about the closest-in and lowest-mass confirmed planet in the Proxima Centauri system.

Is Proxima Centauri d confirmed?

Yes. It was reported as a planet candidate in 2022, then confirmed in 2025 when the 5.12-day signal remained stable across NIRPS, HARPS, ESPRESSO, and archival measurements. NASA now lists it as a confirmed planet.

Is Proxima Centauri d habitable?

It orbits closer to the star than the classical habitable zone and receives about 1.8 times the stellar energy Earth receives. Its atmosphere and surface are unknown, so the catalog equilibrium temperature cannot establish real surface conditions.

How far away is Proxima Centauri d?

The Proxima Centauri system is about 4.25 light-years from Earth, or roughly 40 trillion kilometres. Within that system, planet d orbits about 0.02881 AU—around 4.31 million kilometres—from its star.

How long is a year on Proxima d?

One orbit takes 5.12338 Earth days. It is the innermost confirmed planet known around Proxima Centauri.

Is Proxima d smaller than Earth?

Its measured minimum mass is 0.260 ± 0.038 Earth masses, about twice Mars’s mass. NASA lists an estimated radius of 0.692 Earth radii, but there is no direct radius measurement, so its size and density remain uncertain.

Can we see Proxima Centauri d?

Not as a resolved planet. It was detected through the extremely small Doppler wobble its gravity produces in the host star. The surface shown in this map is a scientific visualization, not an observation.

How long would it take to travel there?

At light speed the journey would take about 4.25 years from Earth’s frame. At a speed comparable to Voyager 1, a direct trip would take roughly 75,000 years; no current spacecraft can make a practical interstellar journey.

Could Proxima d be tidally locked?

Its very close, nearly circular five-day orbit makes synchronous rotation plausible, but its spin has not been directly measured. The map’s tidal-lock behavior is therefore a physical model, not an observed fact.

Scientific sources

Catalog values and scientific context are tied to primary or authoritative sources so readers can distinguish measurement from visualization.

Data checked July 2026. Planet textures, apparent sizes, lighting, and orbit spacing are visual interpretations; measured values are identified separately. Universe Map is an independent educational visualization project and is not affiliated with NASA or ESO.